The Cullinan Diamond: discovered January 26, 1905

Just over a century ago in the town of Cullinan, South Africa, one of the world’s most famous diamonds was discovered.

Frederick Wells, surface manager of the Premier Diamond Mining Company, uncovered a huge diamond in a mine owned by Sir Thomas Cullinan. The stone was named for Cullinan and was purchased from him by the Transvaal government. It was then given to King Edward VII as a birthday gift and as a sign of loyalty from the newest portion of the British Empire. The Transvaal had been under Boer control, but at the conclusion of the Second Boer war in 1902, it became British territory.

The Cullinan was cut into three large parts by Dutch jeweler Joseph Asscher. The three big portions were eventually cleaved into 9 large gem-quality stones and small fragments. The largest polished gem from the stone is referred to as Cullinan I, or the Greater Star of Africa. It weighs in at a whopping 530.2 carats. The second largest gem, known as Cullinan II or the Lesser Star of Africa, weighs 317.4 carats.

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These massive gems remained with the British Royal Family, and are still seen today. Cullinan II is mounted in the brow band of the Imperial State Crown, seen above. Cullinan I is mounted within the sceptre, which the Queen holds in her coronation photos.

The chips are worn as pieces of jewelry. The Queen wears a large pear-shaped ring that is a cleaving of the Cullinan, and Cullinans III and IV were worn as brooches by Queen Mary.

The Cullinan Diamond was discovered 105 years ago, and is still leaving people awestruck. Happy birthday to a legend.